Class 9 Physics Chapter 8
Updated: 29 Oct 2023
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Class 9 Physics Chapter 8 is about “Thermal Properties of Matter“. This article includes topics such as Thermal Properties of Matter, Temperature, Heat, Measurement of Temperature, Thermometric Property, Temperature Scales, Centigrade or Celsius Scale, Fahrenheit Scale, Kelvin or Absolute Scale, Relationship between Different Scales of Temperature, Conversion between Centigrade and Fahrenheit Scale, Conversion between Centigrade and Kelvin Scale, Thermal Expansion, Thermal Expansion of Solids (Linear Thermal Expansion of Solids, Volume (Cubical) Thermal Expansion of Solids), Thermal Expansion of Liquids, Real Expansion of Liquids, Apparent Expansion of Liquids, Coefficient of Real Expansion, Coefficient of Apparent Expansion, Anomalous Expansion of Water, Applications and Consequences of Thermal Expansion (Railway lines, Opening of Tight Jar Lid, Transmission Lines, Shrink-fitting of Axles into Gear Wheels, Expand Fitting Iron Ring to a Cart Wheel, Expansion Joints, Bimetallic Strip), Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity, Heat Capacity (Thermal Capacity), Specific Heat Capacity (Specific Heat), Importance of High Specific Heat Capacity of Water (Moderate Climate of Sea Shore, As a coolant), Latent Heat and Phase Change, Latent Heat of Fusion, Specific Latent Heat of Fusion, Latent Heat of Vaporization, Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization, Evaporation of Liquids (Nature of Liquid, Temperature of Liquid, Temperature of surrounding, Presence of water vapor in Air, Area of the exposed surface of the liquid, Movement of Air, Dryness of Air, Air Pressure on the Surface of the Liquid), Evaporation causes Cooling, Evaporation vs Boiling, Applications of Cooling by Evaporation (Cooling by Fans, Fever Control, Refrigerator).
Class 9 Physics Chapter 8 Notes
Thermal Properties of Matter Notes
Class 9 Physics Chapter 8 SLO Notes
Class 9 Physics Chapter 8 MCQs
Thermal Properties of Matter
Introduction
1 The study of heat transformations into other forms of energy is,(a) Thermodynamics
(b) Kinematics
(c) Mechanic
(d) Dynamic
Show Answer
Thermodynamics
2 When did the study of thermodynamics begin?
(a) 18th century
(b) 19th century
(c) 20th century
(d) 21st century
Show Answer
18th century
3 What were the initial applications of steam engines during the Industrial Revolution?
(a) Powering smartphones
(b) Powering trains, factories, and water pumps
(c) Generating electricity
(d) Fueling automobiles
Show Answer
Powering trains, factories, and water pumps
4 When were the concepts of thermodynamics linked to the motions of atoms and molecules?
(a) Around 1700
(b) Around 1800
(c) Around 1900
(d) Around 2000
Show Answer
Around 1900
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Temperature
Internal Kinetic Energy
5 The measure of the degree of hotness or coldness of a body with respect to some standard is called,(a) Temperature
(b) Heat
(c) Energy
(d) Momentum
Show Answer
Temperature
6 What is the average kinetic energy of molecules in a body related to?
(a) The color of the body
(b) The body’s weight
(c) The body’s volume
(d) The body’s temperature
Show Answer
The body’s temperature
7 What is the symbol used to represent temperature?
(a) T
(b) C
(c) F
(d) K
Show Answer
T
8 In which units is temperature commonly measured?
(a) A, B, C
(b) {}^oC, {}^oF, K
(c) X, Y, Z
(d) M, N, O
Show Answer
{}^oC, {}^oF, K
9 What is the SI unit of temperature?
(a) Celsius ({}^oC)
(b) Kelvin (K)
(c) Fahrenheit ({}^oF)
(d) All of these
Show Answer
Kelvin (K)
10 Which location is the hottest place on Earth?
(a) The Antarctic
(b) Death Valley, California
(c) The Sahara Desert
(d) The Amazon Rainforest
Show Answer
Death Valley, California
11 What is internal energy in a substance primarily composed of?
(a) Potential energy
(b) Vibrational kinetic energy
(c) Rotational kinetic energy
(d) Both kinetic and potential energies
Show Answer
Both kinetic and potential energies
12 In a solid, how do atoms primarily move?
(a) Randomly colliding with each other
(b) By stretching and contracting
(c) By jiggling in place
(d) By spinning rapidly
Show Answer
By jiggling in place
13 Which type of kinetic energy is observed in a monoatomic gas at high temperatures?
(a) Translational kinetic energy
(b) Vibrational kinetic energy
(c) Rotational kinetic energy
(d) All of these
Show Answer
Translational kinetic energy
14 In gases made up of molecules with more than one atom, what types of kinetic energy can these molecules possess?
(a) Only translational kinetic energy
(b) Translational and rotational kinetic energy
(c) Translational and vibrational kinetic energy
(d) Translational, rotational, and vibrational kinetic energy
Show Answer
Translational, rotational, and vibrational kinetic energy
15 What happens to the temperature of a gas when energy is added to it?
(a) The temperature decreases
(b) The temperature remains constant
(c) The temperature increases
(d) The temperature fluctuates
Show Answer
The temperature increases
16 What happens to the kinetic energy of molecules in a gas made up of more than one atom at high temperatures?
(a) It decreases
(b) It remains constant
(c) It increases
(d) It varies randomly
Show Answer
It increases
17 In a liquid, where are molecules primarily confined to moving?
(a) In a straight line
(b) Randomly throughout the entire volume
(c) Within the confines of the liquid’s surface
(d) In a circular pattern
Show Answer
Within the confines of the liquid’s surface
18 What type of energy is stored in liquid molecules as they approach each other due to attraction?
(a) Kinetic energy
(b) Potential energy
(c) Vibrational energy
(d) Rotational energy
Show Answer
Potential energy
Heat
19 The transfer of thermal energy from a hotter body to a colder body is called,(a) Heat
(b) Temperature
(c) Volume
(d) Energy
Show Answer
Heat
20 What symbol is commonly used to represent heat?
(a) H
(b) E
(c) Q
(d) T
Show Answer
Q
21 What SI unit is used to measure heat?
(a) Kelvin (K)
(b) Joule (J)
(c) Celsius ({}^oC)
(d) Watt (W)
Show Answer
Joule (J)
22 When two objects with different temperatures are placed in thermal contact, what happens to their temperatures over time?
(a) Both temperatures remain the same
(b) The temperature of the hotter object decreases, while the temperature of the cooler object increases
(c) The temperature of both objects increases
(d) The temperature of both objects decreases
Show Answer
The temperature of the hotter object decreases, while the temperature of the cooler object increases
23 The state when two objects have the same temperature is said to be:
(a) Thermal equilibrium
(b) Heat transfer
(c) Thermodynamic equilibrium
(d) Temperature balance
Show Answer
Thermal equilibrium
24 When does thermal equilibrium occur between two objects initially at different temperatures?
(a) When they have equal masses
(b) When they are made of the same material
(c) After some time when they reach a common temperature
(d) When one object absorbs all the heat from the other
Show Answer
After some time when they reach a common temperature
25 In thermal equilibrium, what can be said about the flow of heat between two objects?
(a) Heat flows from the hotter object to the cooler object
(b) Heat flows from the cooler object to the hotter object
(c) Heat stops flowing between the objects
(d) Heat flows randomly between the objects
Show Answer
Heat stops flowing between the objects
Measurement of Temperature
Thermometry
26 What is the range of temperatures that our hand can bear for sensing hotness or coldness?(a) A very large range of temperatures
(b) A very small range of temperatures
(c) The same range as a thermometer
(d) All of these
Show Answer
A very small range of temperatures
27 What is the branch of physics that deals with the measurement of temperature?
(a) Thermodynamics
(b) Heat transfer
(c) Thermometry
(d) Kinetics
Show Answer
Thermometry
28 What is an instrument called that is used to measure temperature accurately?
(a) Temperature gauge
(b) Heat sensor
(c) Thermometer
(d) Temperature meter
Show Answer
Thermometer
Thermometric Property
29 What is the term for a property that increases or decreases uniformly with changes in temperature?(a) Variable property
(b) Temperature-independent property
(c) Thermometric property
(d) Invariant property
Show Answer
Thermometric property
30 Which of the following is NOT an example of a thermometric property?
(a) Volume of a liquid
(b) Length of a solid
(c) Gas pressure
(d) Color of a substance
Show Answer
Color of a substance
31 What is the most commonly used thermometric property?
(a) Electrical resistance
(b) Gas pressure
(c) Thermal expansion of materials
(d) Electromotive force
Show Answer
Thermal expansion of materials
32 How does a liquid in a glass thermometer measure temperature?
(a) By changes in color of the liquid
(b) By changes in the state of the liquid
(c) By variations in the volume of the liquid
(d) By variations in the pressure of the liquid
Show Answer
By variations in the volume of the liquid
33 Which liquids are commonly used in glass thermometers?
(a) Water and oil
(b) Mercury and alcohol
(c) Gasoline and acetone
(d) Sodium and potassium
Show Answer
Mercury and alcohol
Temperature Scales
34 What is a temperature scale or thermometric scale?(a) A scale used for measuring length
(b) A scale used for measuring time
(c) A scale used for measuring temperature
(d) A scale used for measuring weight
Show Answer
A scale used for measuring temperature
35 What is another term for a temperature scale?
(a) Measurement scale
(b) Thermodynamic scale
(c) Thermometric scale
(d) Metric scale
Show Answer
Thermometric scale
36 What are the two reference points on a temperature scale called?
(a) Fixed points
(b) Temperature points
(c) Arbitrary points
(d) Measuring points
Show Answer
Fixed points
37 How many scales of temperature are commonly used?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four
Show Answer
Three
Centigrade or Celsius Scale
38 Who introduced the Celsius scale of temperature?(a) Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
(b) Anders Celsius
(c) William Thomson
(d) Lord Kelvin
Show Answer
Anders Celsius
39 What is the other name of the Celsius scale?
(a) Centigrade scale
(b) Fahrenheit scale
(c) Kelvin scale
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Centigrade scale
40 In the Celsius scale, what are the numerical values assigned to the ice point?
(a) 0{}^o C
(b) 32 {}^oC
(c) -273 {}^oC
(d) 100 {}^oC
Show Answer
0 {}^oC
41 In the Celsius scale, what are the numerical values assigned to the stream point?
(a) 0 {}^oC
(b) 32 {}^oC
(c) -273 {}^oC
(d) 100 {}^oC
Show Answer
100 {}^oC
42 What is the interval between the fixed points on the Celsius scale divided into?
(a) 360 equal divisions
(b) 100 equal divisions
(c) 180 equal divisions
(d) 212 equal divisions
Show Answer
100 equal divisions
43 Each division of the Celsius scale is called:
(a) A degree Fahrenheit
(b) A degree centigrade
(c) A Kelvin
(d) All of these
Show Answer
A degree centigrade
44 Each division on the Celsius scale is denoted by:
(a) {}^oC
(b) {}^oF
(c) K
(d) {}^oR
Show Answer
{}^oC
Fahrenheit Scale
45 Who introduced the Fahrenheit scale of temperature?(a) Anders Celsius
(b) Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
(c) William Thomson
(d) Lord Kelvin
Show Answer
Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
46 What is the numerical value assigned to the ice point on the Fahrenheit scale?
(a) 0 {}^oF
(b) 32 {}^oF
(c) -273 {}^oF
(d) 100 {}^oF
Show Answer
32 {}^oF
47 What is the numerical value assigned to the steam point on the Fahrenheit scale?
(a) 0 {}^oF
(b) 32 {}^oF
(c) -273 {}^oF
(d) 212 {}^oF
Show Answer
212 {}^oF
48 What is the interval between the fixed points on the Fahrenheit scale divided into?
(a) 360 equal divisions
(b) 100 equal divisions
(c) 180 equal divisions
(d) 212 equal divisions
Show Answer
180 equal divisions
49 Each division of the Fahrenheit scale is called:
(a) A degree Fahrenheit
(b) A degree centigrade
(c) A Kelvin
(d) None of these
Show Answer
A degree Fahrenheit
50 Each division on the Fahrenheit scale is denoted by:
(a) {}^oC
(b) {}^oF
(c) K
(d) {}^oR
Show Answer
{}^°F
Kelvin or Absolute Scale
51 Who devised the Kelvin (Absolute) scale of temperature?(a) Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit
(b) Anders Celsius
(c) William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
(d) Sir Isaac Newton
Show Answer
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin)
52 What is the other name of the Kelvin scale?
(a) Centigrade scale
(b) Fahrenheit scale
(c) Absolute scale
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Absolute scale
53 What is the numerical value assigned to the ice point on the Kelvin scale?
(a) 0 K
(b) 32 K
(c) 273 K
(d) 100 K
Show Answer
273 K
54 What is the numerical value assigned to the steam point on the Kelvin scale?
(a) 0 K
(b) 32 K
(c) -273 K
(d) 373 K
Show Answer
373 K
55 What is the interval between the fixed points on the Kelvin scale divided into?
(a) 360 equal divisions
(b) 100 equal divisions
(c) 180 equal divisions
(d) 212 equal divisions
Show Answer
100 equal divisions
56 Each division of the Kelvin scale is called:
(a) A degree Fahrenheit
(b) A degree centigrade
(c) A Kelvin
(d) All of these
Show Answer
A Kelvin
57 Each division on the Kelvin scale is denoted by:
(a) {}^oC
(b) {}^oF
(c) K
(d) {}^oR
Show Answer
K
58 What is the term for the lowest temperature at which the molecular movements of matter cease?
(a) Absolute heat point
(b) Critical temperature
(c) Absolute zero
(d) Molecular freezing point
Show Answer
Absolute zero
59 What is another term for absolute zero?
(a) Molecular standstill point
(b) Zero temperature
(c) Kelvin Zero
(d) Molecular freezing point
Show Answer
Kelvin Zero
60 What is the lowest temperature at which the molecular movements of matter cease?
(a) 0 \ {}^oC
(b) 32 \ {}^0F
(c) -273 \ {}^oC
(d) 100 \ {}^oF
Show Answer
-273°C
61 Which scale is adopted in the international system of units?
(a) Celsius (Centigrade) scale
(b) Fahrenheit scale
(c) Kelvin (Absolute) scale
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Kelvin (Absolute) scale
Relationship between Different Scales of Temperature.
62 What is the formula to convert Celsius ({}^oC) to Fahrenheit ({}^oF)?(a) T({}^oF) = T({}^oC) + 32
(b) T({}^oF) = T({}^oC) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
(c) T(°F) = (T({}^oC) + 32) \times \frac{9}{5}
(d) T(°F) = (T({}^oC) - 32) \times \frac{9}{5}
Show Answer
T({}^oF) = T({}^oC) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
63 Using the general conversion formula, what is the Fahrenheit temperature equivalent of 100{}^oC ?
(a) 3 2 \ {}^oF
(b) 212 \ {}^oF
(c) 100 \ {}^oF
(d) 273 \ {}^oF
Show Answer
212 \ {}^oF
64 How do you convert Celsius (°C) to Kelvin (K) ?
(a) T(K) = T({}^oC) + 273
(b) T(K) = T({}^oC) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
(c) T(K) = T({}^oC) – 32
(d) T(K) = T({}^oC) \times \frac{5}{9}
Show Answer
T(K) = T({}^oC) + 273
65 What is the Kelvin equivalent of 37 \ {}^oC ?
(a) 37 K
(b) 273 K
(c) 310 K
(d) 100 K
Show Answer
310 K
66 What is the formula to convert Fahrenheit ({}^oF) to Celsius ({}^oC) ?
(a) T({}^oC) = (T({}^oF) - 32) \times \frac{5}{9}
(b) T({}^oC) = T({}^oF) + 32
(c) T({}^oC) = T({}^oF) \times \frac{9}{5}
(d) T({}^oC) = T({}^oF) + 273
Show Answer
T(°C) = (T(°F) – 32) \times \frac{5}{9}
67 What is the equivalent temperature in Celsius when a thermometer reads 32 \ {}^oF ?
(a) 0 \ {}^oC
(b) 32 \ {}^oC
(c) 64 \ {}^oC
(d) -32 \ {}^oC
Show Answer
0 \ {}^oC
68 To convert Fahrenheit ({}^oF) to Kelvin (K) , you should use the formula:
(a) T(K) = (T({}^oF) - 32) \times \frac{5}{9} + 273
(b) T(K) = T({}^oF) + 32
(c) T(K) = (T({}^oF) \times \frac{5}{9}) – 273
(d) T(K) = T({}^oF) \times \frac{5}{9}
Show Answer
T(K) = (T({}^oF) - 32) \times \frac{5}{9} + 273
69 What is the equivalent temperature in Kelvin (K) when a thermometer reads 98.6 \ {}^oF ?
(a) 310.15 K
(b) 273.15 K
(c) 370.15 K
(d) 546.27 K
Show Answer
310.15 K
70 How do you convert Kelvin (K) to Celsius ({}^oC) ?
(a) T({}^oC) = T(K) – 273
(b) T({}^oC) = T(K) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
(c) T({}^oC) = T(K) + 273
(d) T({}^oC) = T(K) \times \frac{5}{9}
Show Answer
T({}^oC) = T(K) – 273
71 If the temperature on the Kelvin scale is 310.15 \ K , what is the corresponding temperature in Celsius ({}^oC) ?
(a) 100 \ {}^oC
(b) 273.15 \ {}^oC
(c) 37 \ {}^oC
(d) 310.15 \ {}^oC
Show Answer
37 \ {}^oC
72 What is the formula to convert Kelvin (K) to Fahrenheit ({}^oF) ?
(a) T({}^oF) = T(K) – 32
(b) T({}^oF) = (T(K) - 273) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
(c) T({}^oF) = T(K) \times \frac{5}{9}
(d) T({}^oF) = T(K) \times \frac{9}{5}
Show Answer
T({}^oF) = (T(K) - 273) \times \frac{9}{5} + 32
73 If the temperature on the Kelvin scale is 310.15 \ K , what is the corresponding temperature in Fahrenheit?
(a) 40.33 \ {}^oF
(b) 98.6 \ {}^oF
(c) 570.27 \ {}^oF
(d) 680.33 \ {}^oF
Show Answer
98.6 \ {}^oF
74 What is the freezing point of water in Kelvin (K) ?
(a) 0 K
(b) 32 K
(c) 273 K
(d) 100 K
Show Answer
273 K
75 What is the normal body temperature in degrees Celsius?
(a) 32 \ {}^oC
(b) 36 \ {}^oC
(c) 37 \ {}^oC
(d) 40 \ {}^oC
Show Answer
37 \ {}^oC
Thermal Expansion
6 What is the term used to describe the increase in size of a substance on heating?(a) Contraction
(b) Dilution
(c) Expansion
(d) Compression
Show Answer
Expansion
Thermal Expansion of Solids
77 What are the three types of expansion a solid can undergo?(a) Linear, circular, and volumetric
(b) Expansion in length, width and depth
(c) Expansion in length, area and volume
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Expansion in length, area and volume
78 When a solid is heated, why does it expand?
(a) The molecules move closer together
(b) The molecules vibrate through smaller distances
(c) The molecules vibrate through larger distances
(d) The molecules stop vibrating
Show Answer
The molecules vibrate through larger distances
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solids
79 What is the term used to describe the expansion in length of a substance due to a change in temperature?(a) Superficial expansion
(b) Cubical expansion
(c) Volumetric expansion
(d) Linear expansion
Show Answer
Linear expansion
80 The value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion depends on:
(a) The temperature change
(b) The length of the substance
(c) The type of material
(d) The pressure applied
Show Answer
The type of material
81 What is the symbol used to represent the coefficient of linear thermal expansion?
(a) \alpha
(b) \beta
(c) \gamma
(d) \delta
Show Answer
\alpha
82 What is the unit of linear thermal expansion?
(a) Meters per second (m/s)
(b) Inverse degrees Celsius or inverse Kelvin (1/{}^oC \ or \ 1/K)
(c) Newton per square meter (N/m^2)
(d) Joules per kilogram (J/kg)
Show Answer
Inverse degrees Celsius or inverse Kelvin (1/{}^oC \ or \ 1/K)
83 What is the approximate value of the coefficient of linear thermal expansion for copper?
(a) 0.1 \times 10^{-6}/{}^oC
(b) 17 \times 10^{-6}/{}^oC
(c) 10 \times 10^{-6}/{}^oC
(d) 100 \times 10^{-6}/{}^oC
Show Answer
17 \times 10^{-6}/{}^oC
84 What happens to the length of a material when it’s heated?
(a) It remains the same
(b) It decreases
(c) It increases
(d) It depends on the material
Show Answer
It increases
85 When a material undergoes linear thermal expansion, what happens to its length as the temperature rises?
(a) It decreases
(b) It remains constant
(c) It increases
(d) It oscillates
Show Answer
It increases
86 How does the change in temperature relate to the change in length in linear thermal expansion?
(a) They are unrelated
(b) Change in length is directly proportional to change in temperature
(c) Change in temperature is inversely proportional to change in length
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Change in length is directly proportional to change in temperature
Superficial Thermal Expansion
87 What is the term used to describe the increase in area of a substance due to heating?(a) Volumetric expansion
(b) Linear expansion
(c) Superficial expansion
(d) Anomalous expansion
Show Answer
Superficial expansion
Volume (Cubical) Thermal Expansion of Solids
88 What is the increase in volume of a substance due to a rise in temperature called?(a) Superficial expansion
(b) Linear thermal expansion
(c) Volume thermal expansion
(d) Volumetric contraction
Show Answer
Volume thermal expansion
89 Volumetric expansion is also known as:
(a) Cubical expansion
(b) Superficial expansion
(c) Linear expansion
(d) Radial expansion
Show Answer
Cubical expansion
90 What does the coefficient of volume thermal expansion (\gamma) measure?
(a) The change in length per unit length
(b) The change in area per unit area
(c) The change in volume per unit volume
(d) The change in density per unit density
Show Answer
The change in volume per unit volume
91 How is the increase in volume (\Delta V) related to the original volume (V) and the change in temperature (\Delta T) ?
(a) \Delta V \propto V \Delta T
(b) \Delta V \propto V
(c) \Delta V \propto \frac{\Delta T}{V}
(d) \Delta V \propto \frac{V}{\Delta T}
Show Answer
\Delta V \propto V \Delta T
92 What is the proportionality constant for volume thermal expansion called?
(a) \alpha
(b) \beta
(c) \gamma
(d) \delta
Show Answer
\gamma
93 In which direction do solids typically expand due to volume thermal expansion?
(a) They expand in all directions equally
(b) They expand only in the vertical direction
(c) They expand only in the horizontal direction
(d) They don’t expand in volume
Show Answer
They expand in all directions equally
94 What is the relationship between the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (\alpha) and volumetric expansion (\gamma) for solids?
(a) \alpha = \gamma
(b) \gamma = 3 \alpha
(c) \alpha = 3 \gamma
(d) \alpha = 2 \gamma
Show Answer
\gamma = 3 \alpha
95 What is the approximate value of the coefficient of volumetric expansion for copper?
(a) 0.1 \times 10^{-6}/ {}^0C
(b) 51 \times 10^{-6}/ {}^0C
(c) 10 \times 10^{-6}/ {}^0C
(d) 100 \times 10^{-6}/ {}^0C
Show Answer
51 \times 10^{-6}/ {}^0C
Thermal Expansion of Liquids
96 Which type of expansion can occur in liquids when they are heated?(a) Linear expansion
(b) Superficial expansion
(c) Volumetric expansion
(d) All of these
Show Answer
Volumetric expansion
97 What is the increase in volume of a liquid due to heating called?
(a) Linear expansion
(b) Superficial expansion
(c) Volumetric expansion
(d) Apparent expansion
Show Answer
Volumetric expansion
Real Expansion of Liquids
98 Which type of thermal expansion in liquids is independent of the expansion of the container?(a) Linear expansion
(b) Superficial expansion
(c) Real expansion
(d) Apparent expansion
Show Answer
Real expansion
99 What is the term used to describe the real increase in volume of a liquid per unit original volume per unit degree rise in temperature?
(a) Superficial expansion
(b) Linear expansion
(c) Coefficient of apparent expansion
(d) Coefficient of real expansion
Show Answer
Coefficient of real expansion
Apparent Expansion of Liquids
100 What is the term used to describe the apparent increase in volume of a liquid per unit original volume per unit degree rise in temperature?(a) Superficial expansion
(b) Linear expansion
(c) Coefficient of apparent expansion
(d) Coefficient of real expansion
Show Answer
Coefficient of apparent expansion
Anomalous Expansion of Water
101 What is the term for the unusual expansion behavior of water between 0 \ {}^oC \ and \ 4 \ {}^oC ?(a) Superficial expansion
(b) Anomalous expansion
(c) Real expansion
(d) Apparent expansion
Show Answer
Anomalous expansion
102 What is the temperature range within which water exhibits its anomalous behavior?
(a) 0 \ {}^oC \ to \ 100 \ {}^oC
(b) 0 \ {}^oC \ to \ 4 \ {}^oC
(c) 4 \ {}^oC \ to \ 100 \ {}^oC
(d) Below 0 \ {}^oC
Show Answer
0 \ {}^oC \ to \ 4 \ {}^oC
103 At which temperature does water have its maximum density?
(a) 0 \ {}^oC
(b) 4 \ {}^oC
(c) 100 \ {}^oC
(d) None \ of \ these
Show Answer
4 \ {}^oC
Applications and Consequences of Thermal Expansion
Railway lines
104 Why do railway engineers leave a small gap between two railway tracks when laying them?(a) To save materials
(b) To make maintenance easier
(c) To prevent accidents caused by thermal expansion
(d) To reduce noise pollution
Show Answer
To prevent accidents caused by thermal expansion
Opening of Tight Jar Lid
105 How can you loosen a tight lid on a glass jar using thermal expansion?(a) By freezing the lid
(b) By holding the lid under hot water
(c) By tapping the lid with a hammer
(d) By using a wrench
Show Answer
By holding the lid under hot water
Transmission Lines
106 Why do transmission lines sag more in the summer compared to winter?(a) Due to the weight of the lines
(b) Due to thermal expansion of the lines
(c) Due to increased electricity demand
(d) Due to wind pressure
Show Answer
Due to thermal expansion of the lines
Bimetallic Strip
107 What is the principle behind the operation of a bimetallic strip?(a) Equal expansion of two metals
(b) Differential expansion of two metals
(c) Magnetic attraction
(d) Optical refraction
Show Answer
Differential expansion of two metals
Heat Capacity and Specific Heat Capacity
Heat Capacity (Thermal Capacity)
108 What is the term used to describe the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance by 1 \ {}^oC \ or \ 1 K ?(a) Heat capacity
(b) Specific heat capacity
(c) Temperature coefficient
(d) Thermal conductivity
Show Answer
Heat capacity
109 What is the mathematical expression for heat capacity (C_m) in terms of change in heat (\Delta Q) and change in temperature (\Delta T) ?
(a) C_m = \frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta T}
(b) C_m = \frac{\Delta T}{\Delta Q}
(c) C_m = \Delta Q × \Delta T
(d) C_m = \Delta Q - \Delta T
Show Answer
C_m = \frac{\Delta Q}{\Delta T}
110 Which unit is used to express heat capacity in the Standard International System?
(a) Joule per kilogram (J/kg)
(b) Joule per Kelvin (J/K)
(c) Celsius per joule ({}^oC/J)
(d) Kilogram per Kelvin (kg/K)
Show Answer
Joule per Kelvin (J/K)
111 What symbol is commonly used to represent heat capacity?
(a) Q
(b) H
(c) C_m
(d) T
Show Answer
C_m
112 Heat capacity is also known as:
(a) Thermal volume
(b) Temperature resistance
(c) Thermal inertia
(d) Thermal capacity
Show Answer
Thermal capacity
Specific Heat Capacity (Specific Heat)
113 What is the term used to describe the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 \ {}^oC \ or \ 1 K ?(a) Heat capacity
(b) Specific heat capacity
(c) Heat resistance
(d) Thermal conductivity
Show Answer
Specific heat capacity
114 What is the symbol used to represent specific heat capacity?
(a) Q
(b) c
(c) S
(d) H
Show Answer
c
115 Specific heat capacity is also known as:
(a) Temperature coefficient
(b) Thermal conductivity
(c) Heat capacity
(d) Specific heat
Show Answer
Specific heat
116 What is the mathematical expression for specific heat capacity (c) ?
(a) c = \frac{\Delta Q}{m \Delta T}
(b) c = m \Delta T
(c) c = \frac{Q}{m}
(d) c = \frac{T}{\Delta Q}
Show Answer
c = \frac{\Delta Q}{m \Delta T}
117 What is the unit of specific heat capacity in the International System of Units (SI)?
(a) Joules per Kelvin (J/K)
(b) Joules per kilogram per Kelvin (J/(kg.K))
(c) Kelvin per Joule (K/J)
(d) Watts per meter per Kelvin (W/(m.K))
Show Answer
Joules per kilogram per Kelvin (J/(kg.K))
118 What is the specific heat capacity of water?
(a) 100 \ J/kg.K
(b) 500 \ J/kg.K
(c) 1000 \ J/kg.K
(d) 4190 \ J/kg.K
Show Answer
4190 J/kg.K
Latent Heat and Phase Change
119 What is a phase change in a substance?(a) A change in temperature
(b) A change in color
(c) A change in physical characteristics from one form to another
(d) A change in chemical composition
Show Answer
A change in physical characteristics from one form to another
120 When ice melts at 0 \ {}^oC , what is the temperature of the resulting water?
(a) 0 \ {}^oC
(b) 100 \ {}^oC
(c) Above 0 \ {}^oC
(d) Below 0 \ {}^oC
Show Answer
0 \ {}^oC
121 What is the term used to describe the heat required to change the physical state of a substance without changing its temperature?
(a) Thermal capacity
(b) Thermal conductivity
(c) Latent heat
(d) Specific heat
Show Answer
Latent heat
122 Latent heat is also known as:
(a) Hidden Heat
(b) Thermal Energy
(c) Sensible Heat
(d) Specific Heat
Show Answer
Hidden Heat
Latent Heat of Fusion
123 The heat energy required to melt a substance without change in temperature is called:(a) Specific heat capacity
(b) Latent heat of fusion
(c) Thermal conductivity
(d) Heat capacity
Show Answer
Latent heat of fusion
124 What happens when liquids solidify (freeze) in terms of heat release?
(a) They release no heat
(b) They release heat equivalent to the latent heat of fusion
(c) They release heat equivalent to the specific heat
(d) They release heat equivalent to their boiling point
Show Answer
They release heat equivalent to the latent heat of fusion
Specific Latent Heat of Fusion
125 The heat energy required to change unit mass from solid to liquid without a change in temperature is called:(a) Thermal conductivity
(b) Heat capacity
(c) Specific latent heat of fusion
(d) Latent heat of fusion
Show Answer
Specific latent heat of fusion
126 What is the formula to calculate the heat energy required for a phase change using specific latent heat of fusion (L_f) ?
(a) \Delta Q = mL_f
(b) \Delta Q = \frac{m}{\Delta T}
(c) \Delta Q = m \Delta T
(d) \Delta Q = L_f \Delta T
Show Answer
\Delta Q = mL_f
127 What is the symbol used to represent specific latent heat of fusion?
(a) L_f
(b) Q
(c) H
(d) S
Show Answer
L_f
128 What is the SI unit of specific latent heat of fusion?
(a) Joule per Kelvin (J/K)
(b) Joule per meter (J/m)
(c) Joule per kilogram (J/kg)
(d) Joule per second (J/s)
Show Answer
Joule per kilogram (J/kg)
Latent Heat of Vaporization
129 The heat energy required to transfer a substance from liquid state to gaseous state without a change in temperature is called:(a) Specific heat capacity
(b) Latent heat of vaporization
(c) Thermal conductivity
(d) Heat capacity
Show Answer
Latent heat of vaporization
Specific Latent Heat of Vaporization
130 The heat energy required to change unit mass from liquid to gas without a change in temperature is called:(a) Thermal conductivity
(b) Heat capacity
(c) Specific latent heat of vaporization
(d) Latent heat of fusion
Show Answer
Specific latent heat of vaporization
131 What is the formula to calculate the heat energy required for a phase change using specific latent heat of vaporization (L_v) ?
(a) \Delta Q = mL_v
(b) \Delta Q = \frac{m}{\Delta T}
(c) \Delta Q = m \Delta T
(d) \Delta Q = L_f \Delta T
Show Answer
\Delta Q = mL_v
132 What is the symbol used to represent specific latent heat of vaporization?
(a) L_v
(b) Q
(c) H
(d) S
Show Answer
L_v
133 What is the SI unit of specific latent heat of vaporization?
(a) Joule per Kelvin (J/K)
(b) Joule per meter (J/m)
(c) Joule per kilogram (J/kg)
(d) Joule per second (J/s)
Show Answer
Joule per kilogram (J/kg)
134 Which phase change involves the direct transition from a solid to a gas without passing through the liquid state?
(a) Freezing
(b) Melting
(c) Sublimation
(d) Condensation
Show Answer
Sublimation
135 The latent heat of fusion for a given substance is ___________ the latent heat of vaporization for the same substance.
(a) Greater than
(b) Less than
(c) Equal to
(d) Unrelated to
Show Answer
Greater than
136 What is the process called when a solid changes into a liquid?
(a) Sublimation
(b) Condensation
(c) Freezing
(d) Melting
Show Answer
Melting
Evaporation of Liquids
137 When a liquid changes into a gas, it is known as:(a) Melting
(b) Freezing
(c) Evaporation
(d) Condensation
Show Answer
Evaporation
138 The process in which a gas changes into a liquid is called:
(a) Sublimation
(b) Condensation
(c) Freezing
(d) Melting
Show Answer
Condensation
139 What is the term for the change of state from a liquid to a solid?
(a) Boiling
(b) Condensation
(c) Freezing
(d) Sublimation
Show Answer
Freezing
140 Which factor affects the rate of evaporation by providing kinetic energy to liquid molecules?
(a) Nature of liquid
(b) Temperature of surrounding
(c) Temperature of the liquid
(d) Area of the exposed surface
Show Answer
Temperature of the liquid
141 In which season do wet clothes dry more slowly due to the presence of high water vapor in the air?
(a) Autumn
(b) Summer
(c) Rainy season
(d) Spring
Show Answer
Rainy season
142 Why do wet roads dry out quickly?
(a) Due to the low temperature
(b) Due to low air pressure
(c) Due to increased surface area
(d) Due to the absence of wind
Show Answer
Due to increased surface area
143 What factor affects the rate of evaporation by reducing the presence of water vapor in the air?
(a) Dryness of the air
(b) Nature of liquid
(c) Movement of air
(d) Temperature of the surrounding
Show Answer
Dryness of the air
144 On a windy day, what happens to the rate of evaporation?
(a) It decreases
(b) It remains the same
(c) It increases
(d) It depends on other factors
Show Answer
It increases
145 Which factor primarily depends on the liquid’s boiling point?
(a) Temperature of the liquid
(b) Nature of liquid
(c) Movement of air
(d) Area of the exposed surface
Show Answer
Nature of liquid
146 What role does the temperature of the surrounding play in evaporation?
(a) It has no effect on evaporation
(b) It increases the air pressure
(c) It provides kinetic energy to liquid molecules
(d) It decreases the rate of evaporation
Show Answer
It provides kinetic energy to liquid molecules
147 How does the presence of water vapor in the air affect evaporation?
(a) It increases the rate of evaporation
(b) It has no effect on evaporation
(c) It decreases the rate of evaporation
(d) It depends on the temperature
Show Answer
It decreases the rate of evaporation
Evaporation causes Cooling
148 What causes the cooling effect when a liquid evaporates?(a) Increased kinetic energy of molecules
(b) Heat absorbed by the liquid
(c) Molecules taking heat energy with them
(d) Increased temperature of the liquid
Show Answer
Molecules taking heat energy with them
149 Which substance evaporates more quickly, water or spirit?
(a) Water
(b) Spirit
(c) They evaporate at the same rate
(d) Depends on temperature
Show Answer
Spirit
150 Why does your palm feel cold when spirit is spilled on it and quickly evaporates?
(a) The spirit is cold by nature
(b) Your palm generates cold when in contact with spirit
(c) Evaporation of spirit causes cooling
(d) The spirit takes in heat from your palm
Show Answer
Evaporation of spirit causes cooling
151 How does the cooling effect of evaporation help maintain a stable body temperature in humans?
(a) By increasing body temperature
(b) By preventing perspiration
(c) By lowering body temperature through sweat evaporation
(d) By slowing down metabolic processes
Show Answer
By lowering body temperature through sweat evaporation
152 According to the kinetic theory, what happens to the temperature of a liquid when more energetic molecules escape through evaporation?
(a) The temperature increases
(b) The temperature remains the same
(c) The temperature decreases
(d) It depends on the liquid
Show Answer
The temperature decreases
153 Which statement is true regarding the cooling effect of evaporation?
(a) Evaporation warms the surface left behind
(b) Evaporation cools the surface left behind
(c) Evaporation is unrelated to temperature changes
(d) Evaporation only occurs at high temperatures
Show Answer
Evaporation cools the surface left behind
154 Why does perspiration help cool the human body?
(a) It releases heat into the body
(b) It contains cold substances
(c) It prevents body temperature from changing
(d) It cools the body through evaporation
Show Answer
It cools the body through evaporation
Applications of Cooling by Evaporation
Cooling by Fans
155 Why do fans provide a cooling sensation in hot weather?(a) Fans lower the room temperature
(b) Fans increase the rate of boiling
(c) Fans accelerate the rate of evaporation, which cools the body
(d) Fans increase humidity levels
Show Answer
Fans accelerate the rate of evaporation, which cools the body
Fever Control
156 How does placing a wet towel on the forehead help control fever?(a) It lowers room temperature
(b) It absorbs heat from the environment
(c) It increases body temperature
(d) It utilizes the cooling effect of evaporation to lower the head’s temperature
Show Answer
It utilizes the cooling effect of evaporation to lower the head’s temperature
Refrigerator
157 Which part of a refrigerator is responsible for the cooling effect through evaporation?(a) Evaporator
(b) Refrigerant
(c) Expansion valve
(d) None of these
Show Answer
Evaporator
158 What environmental concern is associated with the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) chemicals as refrigerants in old refrigerators?
(a) CFCs contribute to global warming
(b) CFCs release harmful odors
(c) CFCs can damage the ozone layer
(d) CFCs are explosive
Show Answer
CFCs can damage the ozone layer
159 What is the purpose of the compressor in a refrigerator?
(a) To evaporate the refrigerant
(b) To condense the refrigerant
(c) To maintain room temperature
(d) To compress the refrigerant, raising its temperature
Show Answer
To compress the refrigerant, raising its temperature
160 What kind of refrigerant is being used in modern refrigerators to address environmental concerns?
(a) Hydro fluorocarbon (HFC)
(b) Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
(c) Carbon dioxide (CO_2)
(d) Methane (CH_4)
Show Answer
Hydro fluorocarbon (HFC)
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